Fracking

To summrize fracking, it is basically done in three steps. The first step is perforation An electric current is sent via wire to a perferating gun. The charge shoots small holes through the cement and a short distance into the shale. Step two, fracturing is exactly what it sounds like rocks are compressed and must be fractured to draw out natural gas. At this point fracking fluid is sent into the rocks for them to crack. In the final step the rocks are now cracked hence gas can pass through them. 
Fracking is a controversial issue in the US although it is a great source of natrual reasources it comes with great risks. Today fracking sites are being put near college campuses and residual areas.